aDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, USAbDepartment of Geography and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAcMalaria Public Health & Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, Nairobi, KenyadBioInfoExperts Inc., USAeDivision of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USAfDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USAgNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USAhRakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, UgandaiMakerere University School of Public Health, UgandajMakerere University, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, UgandakDepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.