BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia. 121(2):445–452, AUGUST 2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.03.039
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PMID: 30032884
Issn Print: 0007-0912
Publication Date: August 2018
Comparison of nebulised dexmedetomidine, ketamine, or midazolam for premedication in preschool children undergoing bone marrow biopsy
H. Abdel-Ghaffar;S. Kamal;F. El Sherif;S. Mohamed;
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1Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt2Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam for sedative premedication administered by nebuliser 30 min before general anaesthesia in preschool children undergoing bone marrow biopsy and aspiration.Ninety children aged 3–7 yr were randomly allocated into three equal groups to be premedicated with either nebulised ketamine 2 mg kg−1 (Group K), dexmedetomidine 2 μg kg−1 (Group D), or midazolam 0.2 mg kg−1 (Group M). The primary endpoint was a five-point sedation score on arrival in the operating room 30 min after end of study drug administration. Secondary outcomes included: parental separation anxiety scale; medication and mask acceptance scales; haemodynamic variables; recovery time; postoperative face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability scale; emergence agitation scale; and adverse effects.The median (range) sedation score on arrival in the operating room was 3.5 (1–4), 2.0 (2–3) and 2.0 (1–3) in Groups M, D, and K, respectively (P=0.000). Subjects in Group D showed higher medication (P<0.03) and mask acceptance scores (P<0.015) and more satisfactory parental separation anxiety scale (P<0.044). The median (range) recovery time was significantly shorter in Group D [5.5 (4–8) min] compared with Group K [10.0 (5–15) min, P=0.000] and M [8.0 (6–15) min, P=0.000]. The incidence of emergence agitation was lower in Group D (P<0.008).Preschool children premedicated with nebulised dexmedetomidine had more satisfactory sedation, shorter recovery time, and less postoperative agitation than those who received nebulised ketamine or midazolam.NCT02935959.
