Intrathecal Clonidine Combined with Sufentanil for Labor Analgesia

Abstract

Intrathecal sufentanil provides rapid-onset and complete analgesia for the first stage of labor. The dose required to produce this effect can be associated with maternal respiratory depression, hypotension, nausea, or pruritus. Because clonidine potentiates the analgesic effects of opioids without increasing their side effects, the authors wanted to determine the efficacy of low doses of intrathecal clonidine (15 and 30 micro gram) combined with sufentanil.

Ninety-eight parturient requesting labor analgesia were studied. In a combined spinal-epidural technique, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following intrathecal solutions: either 15 micro gram clonidine (n = 10); 30 micro gram clonidine (n = 10); 2.5 micro gram sufentanil (n = 13); 5 micro gram sufentanil (n = 13); 2.5 micro gram sufentanil and 15 micro gram clonidine (n = 13); 2.5 micro gram sufentanil and 30 micro gram clonidine (n = 13); 5 micro gram sufentanil and 15 micro gram clonidine (n = 13); or 5 micro gram sufentanil and 30 micro gram clonidine (n = 13). Visual analog scores for pain, blood pressure, heart rate, sensory levels, incidence of nausea and pruritus, and motor blockade, and maternal and cord blood concentrations of clonidine were recorded.

Patients receiving 30 micro gram intrathecal clonidine with 2.5 or 5 micro gram intrathecal sufentanil had significantly longer-lasting analgesia (145 +/- 36 and 145 +/- 43 min vs. 104 +/- 35 for those receiving 5 micro gram intrathecal sufentanil alone). Clonidine levels were undetectable in maternal serum.

Thirty micrograms of intrathecal clonidine combined with 2.5 or 5 micro gram intrathecal sufentanil significantly increased the duration of analgesia during the first stage of labor without adverse maternal or fetal effects.