Developed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists: Jeffrey B. Gross, M.D. (Chair), Farmington, CT; Peter L. Bailey, M.D., Rochester, NY; Richard T. Connis, Ph.D., Woodinville, WA; Charles J. Coté, M.D., Chicago, IL; Fred G. Davis, M.D., Burlington, MA; Burton S. Epstein, M.D., Washington, DC; Lesley Gilbertson, M.D., Boston, MA; David G. Nickinovich, Ph.D., Bellevue, WA; John M. Zerwas, M.D., Houston, TX; Gregory Zuccaro, Jr., M.D., Cleveland, OH.