Imaging of the foot and ankle

Abstract

Cross-sectional and multiplanar imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, have not entirely replaced basic studies such as plain-film radiography, conventional tomography, and arthrography. Radiography remains a basic tool for evaluating a broad spectrum of abnormalities and for obtaining various measurements. Conventional tomography is still useful because it provides sharp definition of different anatomic structures and also eliminates superimposition of overlying structures. Arthrography is occasionally used for evaluation of certain injuries to the ligaments and tendons and to monitor intra-articular injections of local anesthetics. Ultrasonography is used mainly because it is cost effective and noninvasive. However, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging continue to have broad diagnostic applications for evaluation of abnormalities of the foot and ankle.