Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 32(3):384–391, JUNE 2019

DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000727

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PMID: 30925513

Issn Print: 0952-7907

Publication Date: June 2019


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Perioperative fluid management in children: can we sum it all up now?

Robert Sümpelmann;Karin Becke;Rolf Zander;Lars Witt;

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Abstract

Purpose of reviewThe composition and type of intravenous fluids during paediatric anaesthesia have been subjects of debates for decades. Errors in perioperative fluid management in children may lead to serious complications and a negative outcome. Therefore, in this review, historical and recent developments and recommendations for perioperative fluid management in children are presented, based on physiology and focused on safety and efficacy.Recent findingsOptimized fasting times and liberal clear fluid intake until 1 h improve patient comfort and metabolic and haemodynamic condition after induction of anaesthesia. Physiologically composed balanced isotonic electrolyte solutions are safer than hypotonic electrolyte solutions or saline 0.9% to protect young children against the risks of hyponatraemia and hyperchloraemic acidosis. For intraoperative maintenance infusion, addition of 1–2% glucose is sufficient to avoid hypoglycaemia, lipolysis or hyperglycaemia. Modified fluid gelatine or hydroxyethyl starch in balanced electrolyte solution can safely be used to quickly normalize blood volume in case of perioperative circulatory instability and blood loss.SummaryPhysiologically composed balanced isotonic electrolyte solutions are beneficial for maintaining homeostasis, shifting the status more towards the normal range in patients with preexisting imbalances and have a wide margin of safety in case of accidental hyperinfusion.

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