Role of CD38 in HIV-1 infection: an epiphenomenon of T-cell activation or an active player in virus/host interactions?

From the aLaboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, the bDepartment of Medical Science, University `A. Avogadro' of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, and the cInstitute of Biology and Genetics, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.