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Excerpt
OBJECTIVES After reading the article and taking this test, you should be able to: 1. Identify the pathophysiology, risk factors, and potential complications of hypertension. 2. Differentiate the pharmacodynamics of cardioselective and noncardioselective beta-blockers. 3. Select the appropriate beta-blockers for use in hypertension management based on individual patient characteristics.
1. A goal of medications that treat hypertension is to
1. promote ventricular remodeling.
2. increase cardiac contractility.
3. increase peripheral vascular resistance.
4. prevent renal insufficiency.
2. According to an NHBPEP study, what percentage of Americans are unaware that they have hypertension?
1. 31.6%
2. 27.4%
3. 26.2%
4. 14.8%
3. A person with hypertension also must have
1. decreased systemic vascular resistance.
2. decreased stroke volume.
3. increased cardiac output.
4. increased arteriolar diameter.
4. Hypertension causes
1. decreased vessel permeability.
2. vasoconstriction.
3. thinning of arterial smooth muscle.
4. decreased vessel responsiveness to stimuli.
5. Theories regarding the etiology of primary hypertension include
1. a genetic mutation causing disorders in renal reabsorption of calcium and plasma proteins.
2. an inhibited response to external stimuli.
3. alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system.
4. hypoinsulinemia.
6. Kidney failure as a complication of hypertension results from
1. decreased vascular permeability.
2. vascular atrophy.
3. increased renal perfusion.
4. arteriolar edema.
7. Which statement is true about complications of hypertension?
1. Ocular complications are evident before damage to other organs.
2. Hypertension can cause thrombotic events.
3. Increased blood flow to the brain causes hemorrhage.
4. The walls of blood vessels to the brain become thick.
8. First-line treatment for hypertension is usually a(n)
1. beta-blocker.
2. calcium channel blocker.
3. ACE inhibitor.
4. alpha-adrenergic blocker.
9. Beta1receptors
1. decrease heart rate.
2. decrease the force of myocardial contraction.
3. increase lypolysis.
4. increase hepatic gluconeogenesis.
10. Beta2receptors
1. decrease insulin release.
2. decrease renin release.
3. relax hepatic cells.
4. relax bronchial smooth muscle cells.
11. To decrease blood pressure (BP), beta-blockers must
1. decrease myocardial contractility.
2. increase heart rate.
3. stimulate vascular beta2 receptors.
4. activate the RAA system.
12. Selective beta-blockers include
1. propranolol.
2. timolol.
3. metoprolol.
4. carvedilol.
13. Which statement is true about celiprolol?
1. It raises serum cholesterol.
2. It has weak vasodilating effects.
3. It has a short duration of action.
4. It is classified as a nonselective beta-blocker.
14. Which statement about beta-blockers is true?
1. Carvedilol blocks alpha1 receptors.
2. Sotolol is a beta-blocker used to treat hypertension.
3. Propranolol increases heart rate.
4. Acebutolol increases resting cardiac output.
15. Which statement is true about beta-blockers' effects on other drugs?
1. Propranolol decreases the effect of hydralazine, loop diuretics, and warfarin.
2. Food decreases the bioavailability of metoprolol and propranolol.
3. Bioavailability of beta-blockers may increase with concurrent administration of penicillins, salicylates, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
4. Calcium channel blockers potentiate the effects of beta-blockers.
16. Which drug demonstrated a significant decrease in left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients?
1. diltiazem
2. atenolol
3. hydrochlorothiazide
4. prozosin
17. Which drug has antiproliferative effects on smooth muscle cells and inhibits the action of oxygen free radicals?
1. hydrochlorothiazide
2. captopril
3. carvedilol
4. atenolol
18. When administered to patients with hypertension, some beta-blockers may
1. increase the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI).
2. increase the incidence of stroke.
3. decrease the incidence of lidocaine toxicity.
4. decrease the incidence of hyperlipidemia.
19. Which statement is true about managing hypertension?
1. Initial hypertension screening should include the patient's age, risk factors, and medical history.
2. Patients with diabetes should maintain an arterial BP of 140/90 mm Hg.
3. The goal for patients with hypertension is to rapidly reduce BP.
4. Younger patients experience orthostatic hypotension more often than the elderly.
20. Which statement is true about medications and hypertension?
1. Patients with reactive airway disease should take a selective beta2-blocker for hypertension.
2. Elderly patients should be started on a lower initial dose of antihypertensive agents than younger patients.
3. Medication administration is preferred over lifestyle modification for treating hypertension.
4. African Americans are at low risk for hypertension.
