Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism predicts blood pressure response to angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist treatment in hypertensive patients

Abstract

To determine whether polymorphisms in the renin–angiotensin system can predict blood pressure-lowering response to antihypertensive treatment; more specifically, in response to treatment with irbesartan or atenolol.

Eighty-six patients with hypertension were randomized to double-blind treatment with either the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist irbesartan or the β1 adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol and followed for 3 months. We analysed angiotensinogen T174M and M235T, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C polymorphisms and related them to blood pressure reduction.

The mean reductions in blood pressure were similar for both treatments. In the irbesartan group, individuals homozygous for the ACE gene I allele showed a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure, exceeding those with the D allele (− 18 ± 11 SD versus − 7 ± 10 mmHg, P = 0.0096). This was not the case during treatment with atenolol, and the interaction term between type of treatment and ACE II genotype was significant (P = 0.0176). The angiotensinogen and angiotensin II type 1 receptor polymorhisms were not related to the response to treatment.

ACE genotyping predicted the blood pressure-lowering response to antihypertensive treatment with irbesartan but not atenolol. Thus, specific genotypes might predict the response to specific antihypertensive treatment.