Inadequate reaction of innate immune system to bacterial antigens from the intestinal flora plays a central role in the development of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and caspase-recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan and their activation leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to analyse whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR4 and CARD15 genes are associated with the risk of NEC in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight • 1500 grams).