Effects of Ethanol on Spinal Cord Blood Flow in the Rat

Abstract

This study examines the effects of low and high concentrations of ethanol on spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in the rat. SCBF was measured in the following blood pressure ranges: (a) <60 mm Hg, (b) 60–90 mm Hg, (c) 90–120 mm Hg, (d) 120–150 mm Hg, and (e) >150 mm Hg. Rats were anesthetized with 1.4% isoflurane in air and randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: group 1 (n = 12), intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline injection; group 2 (n = 10), 1 g/kg of ethanol i.p.; and group 3 (n = 14), 4 g/kg of ethanol i.p. Blood pressure was increased by intravenous phenylephrine infusion or lowered by a combination of intravenous trimethaphan and blood withdrawal. The SCBF was measured in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments using radioactive microspheres. The plasma ethanol concentration was 0 mg/ml for group 1, 0.64 ± 0.06 mg/ml (mean ± SEM) in group 2, and 4.18 ± 0.11 mg/ml in group 3. In control rats, the cervical SCBF was higher than the thoracic or lumbar SCBF, evaluated over the entire blood pressure range (analysis of variance, p <0.05). This difference in regional SCBF was abolished by ethanol. Ethanol produced a significant decrease in cervical and lumbar SCBF (p <0.05) but not thoracic SCBF (p = 0.07). This decrease in SCBF was most pronounced at high blood pressures. These results suggest that ethanol produces vasoconstriction in the spinal cord that is countered by autoregulatory vasodilation at low blood pressures.