Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 20(3):193-199, MAY 2010
DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181da53ea
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PMID: 20445360
Issn Print: 1050-642X
Publication Date: May 2010
Can Changes in Body Mass and Total Body Water Accurately Predict Hyponatremia After a 161-km Running Race?
Daniel Lebus;Gretchen Casazza;Martin Hoffman;Marta Van Loan;
+ Author Information
From the *Sports Medicine Program; and †Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California; ‡VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California; and §USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California.
Abstract
To relate changes in body mass, total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECF), and serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) from a 161-km ultramarathon to finish time and incidence of hyponatremia.Observational.The 2008 Rio Del Lago 100-Mile (161-km) Endurance Run in Granite Bay, California.Forty-five runners.Pre-race and post-race body mass, TBW, ECF, and serum [Na+].Body mass and serum [Na+] significantly decreased 2% to 3% (P < 0.001) from pre-race to post-race, but TBW and ECF were unchanged. Significant relationships were observed between finish time and percentage change in body mass (r = 0.36; P = 0.01), TBW (r = 0.50; P = 0.007), and ECF (r = 0.61; P = 0.003). No associations were found between post-race serum [Na+] and percentage change in body mass (r = −0.04; P = 0.94) or finish time (r = 0.5; P = 0.77). Hyponatremia (serum [Na+] < 135 mmol/L) was present among 51.2% of finishers. Logistic regression prediction equation including pre-race TBW and percentage changes in TBW and ECF had an 87.5% concordance with the classification of hyponatremia.Hyponatremia occurred in over half of the 161-km ultramarathon finishers but was not predicted by change in body mass. The combination of pre-race TBW and percentage changes in TBW and ECF explained 87.5% of the variation in the incidence of hyponatremia.Exercise-associated hyponatremia can occur simultaneously with dehydration and cannot be predicted by weight checks at races.
