Basic Science Applications of Thermal Energy in Arthroscopic Surgery

Abstract

Thermal energy has been enthusiastically harnessed in many orthopedic applications over the past decade. Understanding the basic science of lasers, monopolar, and bipolar radiofrequency delivery systems will facilitate clinical applications. Whereas the safety and efficacy of these devices remains controversial, thermal energy is an important part of the orthopedist's armamentarium. The purpose of this article is to provide the clinician with a basic science overview of the generation and delivery of thermal energy by laser and radiofrequency energy.