Abstract
Rationale:Primary renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an extremely rare neoplasm. In many patients, the SCC was associated with renal calculi.
Patient concerns:A 61-year-old male presented with intermittent pain at the left lumbar region for 3 days. The PET/CT images demonstrated increased 18F-FDG uptake in the upper pole of the left kidney and left renal hilar lymph nodes.
Diagnoses:Pathologic examination revealed well-moderately differentiated renal pelvis SCC with lymphatic metastasis.
Interventions:The patient underwent a left nephrectomy a few days after the initial staging PET/CT study.
Outcomes:No growing lesion or metastasis was observed during a 6-month follow-up.
Lessons:Our case demonstrates that 18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful diagnostic tool to evaluate primary renal pelvic SCC and detect metastatic lymph nodes in patients with long-standing calculi.